Thursday, October 27, 2011

Case Study

Case Study

           I am Doc. Smith and I am working with a patient who has tuberculosis, tuberculosis kills people due to bacteria that affect the lungs and droplets from a cough or sneeze can come out and then another person has TB. Her name is “Katelyn Jones”, 34 years old, African American; works at McDonalds, Katelyn has a wonderful loving husband with three children. Their names are Maya, who is 7, Dreek, who is 4, and Kiara, who is 2 months. Her kids mean the world to her they are her most prized possession and her husband is the greatest man in the whole world they are just a big happy family. She went to the mall and there was an outbreak in their water and she drank from the water fountain and drank the water and vomited for a few days. Katelyn might have infected the workers at the mall, people in the garage, her husband and kids, and the workers at McDonalds. She could have coughed of sneezed on someone and the droplets from her cough or sneeze could have got on someone and caused them to get tuberculosis.  One day, Katelyn woke up and she realized that she had a really bad cough and a fever of 110. Also, she didn’t have an appetite for 5 days she couldn’t figure out what was going on with her she continued to go to work and she got more and more sick.

        Katelyn’s husband said, “Babe I think that you should go to the doctors because you look horrible.”

“Why all they are going to do is waste my time by running test all day and I’m going to miss days of work and we can’t afford that, now can we I don’t think so.” Katelyn did not like going to the doctors because she did not believe that the doctors were really doing their job, she thought that they were just wasting time. She was wondering how her husband was going to persuade her to go to the hospital, he was good at that.

“Look I think that they would make you feel better even though you hate going, they would give you some type of medicine to make you feel better. Please baby do this for the kids and me, please.”

“You are begging, ok I will go just to make you shut up I’m off tomorrow so I’ll go to the doctors in the morning will you be ok with the kids?”

“I will, we will be great thank you babe!” he kissed her on her forehead and they both went upstairs to go to bed.  When Katelyn woke up the next morning she felt worse than she did the day before she looked in the mirror and noticed that her stomach looked smaller than it was before and she didn’t eat breakfast she knew that she needed to go to the hospital ASAP.  She arrived at the hospital and no one was in the waiting room except two kids and a single mother. She signed in and before she could sit down a beautiful, pretty, married doctor came out.

“Mrs. Jones I’m ready for you.”
“Yes here I am.” Katelyn walked in behind the doctor and went into her office.

“Hello, I’m doctor Smith how are you today?”

“I feel horrible I was better than I was yesterday, I have a fever, a cough that will not stop, and I am noticing that I am losing weight over night, what is wrong with me?” Katelyn was starting to get scared

“Well how about we run a couple of tests and see what is up. Head into the room on your left and I will be right in.” Dr. Smith said

Katelyn went into the room where she was supposed to go, it looked really expensive in there everything seemed like it cost a whole lot of body parts. Dr. Smith decided to do a chest x-ray to see if anything was suspicious in her lungs, Dr. Smith knew what Katelyn had just by looking at her lungs. Katelyn sat in the examination room for 3 hours she was starting to wonder what Dr .Smith was doing to the x-ray that was taking forever.

“Hello, Mrs. Jones sorry for the weight we had to run a couple more tests to make sure this is correct.” Dr. Smith was hesitant to tell Katelyn she had Tuberculosis.

“Well what is it, is it serious?” Katelyn was becoming scared

“I’m sorry to say, but Mrs. Jones you have Tuberculosis.”

“What, what is tuberculosis?” Katelyn asked sadly

“Tuberculosis is a disease where droplets from a tuberculosis patient’s cough gets inhaled and into your lungs and could also affect your brain, kidney, and spinal cord. So someone around you must have Tuberculosis and not know it, is there anyone around you that has been coughing or sneezing?” Dr. Smith asked

“Some workers at McDonalds where I work at there has been a lot of coughing and sneezing, but I don’t know from which person I caught this from.”

“That’s ok all I’m concerned about is you, I’m going to have you come tomorrow so we can start the treatment before Tuberculosis takes over your body.”

“Ok, I will make sure of it thanks Dr. Smith.”

“Your welcome I will see you tomorrow get a good night sleep.” Dr. Smith said. Katelyn walked out of the hospital feeling worried she thought that she was going to die on the way home, she was going to make sure that she went to the hospital first thing in the morning.



           Katelyn woke up the next morning feeling the same way she felt the day before, horrible. She got dressed kissed her husband and kids goodbye and went back to the hospital for Tuberculosis treatment, she actually felt good about going back to the hospital because she had a feeling that Dr. Smith would fix her up right and she would be feeling better soon. Katelyn went into the waiting room and waited for Dr. Smith to take her back into her office to start the treatment; in less than a minute she was called back to her office she was feeling good about herself.

“How are you feeling this morning Mrs. Jones?” Dr. Smith asked

“Actually the same way I felt yesterday, horrible, but happy because I’m going to be good as new soon.” Katelyn said

“Well, I hope I can do that for you today. Ok I’m going to give you a couple of antibiotics to take Tuberculosis out of your system; I’m going to give you four antibiotics they are: Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide. They may have some side effects like vomiting, loss of appetite, yellow color to your skin, and dark urine. But let’s hope that you will be ok.”
“I hope so too, is there anything else that you’re going to prescribe for me?”
“No, lets the medications settle into your system and if you show any of these side effects come back in and we will take a closer look. I’ll be right back with the medication and give you the pills and then you’ll be on your way ok.”
“Thanks.” Katelyn said

“You’re welcome.” Dr. Smith replied back. Dr. Smith came back within a blink of any eye it didn’t take her anytime to return. Katelyn took two pills first then she took the other two so she wouldn’t choke on them all at one time. After she took the medicine she vomited all over the floor, she thought it was a good thing that she did maybe the medicine started working quickly. She went home and rested for 5 hours and since she didn’t want to go back to work and get anyone else infected she decided to stay home for six to nine months that was going to be a long time before she went back to work.

  

       One morning Katelyn couldn’t get out of bed she was lying there, and couldn’t even move she was stiff. Her husband went to work and he came home from work and went to check on his wife, at first she thought that she was sleeping, but she wasn’t breathing he called the ambulance and they rushed over to the house and took her to the hospital. She wasn’t responding so Dr. Smith and the nurses had to pump her chest to get her to respond after the second pump she was breathing on her own and after a few injections she was awake and responsive.

“What happened to me, what am I doing here?” Katelyn did not remember what happened to her a few hours before

“Your husband and I thought that we were going to lose you today.” Dr. Smith said

“Baby you passed out from the medicine you took it might have been to heavy on your stomach.” Her husband replied

“Yes your body wasn’t adjusting as quickly as I thought it would, but nine months later your healthy again and come in for your regular checkups and you will be back to normal.”
“ Oh my goodness thank you so much Dr. Smith thank you, thank you.” Katelyn was filed with so much joy she didn’t know what to believe all she knew is she was healthy that was the greatest gift from God she could have asked for. Katelyn stayed the night at the hospital to make sure she was stabilized and ok to be released the next day. The next morning Katelyn was released from the hospital and went back to work earlier then Dr. Smith wanted her to, but she is back on her feet and going to the hospital regularly and is living a health and full life.

Work Cited

Kirstyn Smith
Research 10
Mrs. Savido
10/6/11
Work Cited
Herchline E, Thomas “Tuberculosis” Medscape Reference.   September 15, 2011. 10/4/2011.  E
medicine.medscape.com
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/230802-overview
Petrie, Gavin, MD. “Tuberculosis.” Netdoctor.com 21.09.2005 10/4/2011 http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/tuberculosis.htm
“Tuberculosis.”  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.” CDC.gov June 1, 2009,  10/4/2011 http://www.cdc.gov/TB/topic/bascis/default.htm
“Tuberculosis” eMedtv.com August 26, 2008        10/4/11
“Tuberculosis” ic.galegroup.com     3 oct. 2011     10/3/2011. http://ic.galegroup.com.


CDC/WHO actions to help prevent or stop the spread of the disease

The CDC is making sure that people get tested, by getting shots before they go to other countires and get vaccinated before they go to places like Africa, South Africa, or the Western Pacific. People should take time out of their day and go to the hospital and get vaccinated for TB, even if you do not go on vacation to any of those countires you should still get a shot for TB prevention. Any one in those countries do not want you to take it back to the United States so that there will not be an outbreak there. Get vaccinated so that we all can put a stop to TB.

Map

Map of TB cases

TB images

A man infected with TB taking medicine
When a person coughs the bacteria gets into the air.
TB in the lungs.

Areas where it occurs or might occur

In South Africa, Africa, Western pacific, and Europe TB is most commonly found. There is not a certain group that is likely yo catch TB it is airborne so anyone can catch TB with the bacteria in the air, anyone is likely to catch TB.

Wednesday, October 26, 2011

Symptoms and Treatment

People with TB may not notice the symptoms so quickly until the disease is more advanced, the symptoms are:
  • Weight loss
  • Loss of energy
  • Poor appetite
  • Fever
  • A productive cough
  • Night sweats ( may be easily blamed on other disease's)
The dangerous time is before treatment, however once you receive treatment with drugs. The person is likely to be cured within a few weeks, if you get any side effects then you should call your doctor immediately.

History of the Disease

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes TB. TB was founded in Egyotain mummies from 2,400 BCE, they showed signs if definite signs of TB. In the 17th century Sylvius was the first to identify actual tubercles as a consistent and characteristic change in the lungs and other areas of the body.

Discription and Cause

        TB is a disease that is spread from person to person through the air. TB affects the lungs, but it can also effect other parts of the body such as the brain, kidney, or the spine. TB is a treatable disease, but if people do not get the proper treatment then they can die.  TB germs are put into the air when a TB patient coughs or sneezes the droplets from the cough or sneeze make TB an air born disease that effects everyone. These germs float around for several hours depending on the type of environment that the person is in.

Tuberculosis

           Tuberculosis is an easily transmitted disease, that effects the lungs. TB is carried by humans and 80% of them die.  If you get near a TB patient and if their droplets if cough or sneeze get inhaled by you then you have TB. Others can catch TB from an infected patient. TB is a disease that spreads through the air, if not treated then a person with active TB will spread the disease from person to person. More than two billion people which is one third of the worlds population, are infected with TB, people living with HIV are at a much greater risk. Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty affecting youg adults in their most productive years. Tuberculosis is a leading killer espically people living with HIV because their immune systems are weak and can't fight off the disease. Tuberculosis is a worldwide pandemic among the 15 countires Africa has the highest death rates of TB cases. Multi-drug resistant is a form of TB that does not respond to the strand treatments usting first line drugs. 41 million TB patients have successfully been treated in programs for TB and up to six million lives have been saved since 1995. 5 more million lives could be saved between now and 2015.